Search results for "TOBACCO USE"

showing 10 items of 65 documents

Bone loss around narrow implants versus standard diameter implants: Retrospective 2-years case-control study

2019

Background The objectives were to evaluate the bone loss (BL) around narrow diameter implants (3.3 mm) 2 years after implant loading and compare with the bone loss around conventional-diameter implants (4.1 mm), as well as with clinical and anatomical variables. 2-years follow-up. Material and Methods Cases: 20 patients either gender-age, narrow implants (Straumann TM-SLA, diameter 3.3 mm); Control: 20 patients matching for gender-age, conventional implants (Straumann TM-SLA, diameter 4.1). Total 82 implants (31 narrow implants and 51 conventional implants) in 40 patients. To avoid statistical bias, a cluster of one implant per patient was randomly selected (20 narrow implants and 20 conven…

0303 health sciencesProsthetic DentistryTobacco useClinical variablesPost hocbusiness.industryRadiographyResearchDentistry030206 dentistry:CIENCIAS MÉDICAS [UNESCO]03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineStatistical significanceUNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICASMedicineImplantImplant loadingbusinessGeneral Dentistry030304 developmental biologyJournal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry
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Menstrual problems and lifestyle among Spanish university women

2020

Menstrual problems affect many young women worldwide, conditioning both their academic performance and quality of life. This study sought to analyse the prevalence of menstrual problems and their possible relationship with lifestyle among Spanish university women, as part of a research project (UniHcos Project) involving a cohort of 11 Spanish universities with 7208 university students. A descriptive analysis was performed using the bivariate chi-square test and the Student&rsquo

2402.08 Hábitos AlimentariosHealth Toxicology and Mutagenesislcsh:Medicine:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Menstruation Disturbances [Medical Subject Headings]:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Tobacco Use::Smoking [Medical Subject Headings]Logistic regression:Health Care::Health Care Quality Access and Evaluation::Quality of Health Care::Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms::Statistics as Topic::Regression Analysis::Logistic Models [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]0302 clinical medicineMujeres universitarias - EspañaQuality of lifeTrastornos de la menstruaciónSurveys and QuestionnairesMedicine030212 general & internal medicineWomen college students - Spain:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence [Medical Subject Headings]Menstruation Disturbances:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Physiological Effects of Drugs::Reproductive Control Agents::Contraceptive Agents [Medical Subject Headings]030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Questionnaires [Medical Subject Headings]Test (assessment)University students:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cross-Sectional Studies [Medical Subject Headings]Dismenorrea:Anthropology Education Sociology and Social Phenomena::Social Sciences::Quality of Life [Medical Subject Headings]Cohort:Anthropology Education Sociology and Social Phenomena::Education::Education Nonprofessional::Students [Medical Subject Headings]Medicina Preventiva y Salud PúblicaFemaleDietamedicine.symptomEstudiantes universitarios - EspañaDietinglifestyleUniversities:Anthropology Education Sociology and Social Phenomena::Education::Schools::Universities [Medical Subject Headings]LifestylesContext (language use):Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet [Medical Subject Headings]Affect (psychology)ArticleEstilo de vida6310.09 Calidad de Vida03 medical and health sciencesDysmenorrheaMenstruation disordersHumansWomenuniversity studentsStudentsLife StyleLifestyles - Health aspects:Geographical Locations::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain [Medical Subject Headings]Descriptive statisticsbusiness.industrymenstrual disorderslcsh:RPublic Health Environmental and Occupational Health:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Psychology Social::Life Style [Medical Subject Headings]MujeresLifestyle3212 Salud PublicaMenstruation Disturbances - pathologyDietMenstrual disordersCross-Sectional Studies:Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings]Spain:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Drinking Behavior::Alcohol Drinking [Medical Subject Headings]Quality of Life:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Menstruation Disturbances::Dysmenorrhea [Medical Subject Headings]3201.08 GinecologíabusinessDemography
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Lack of association of a functional catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism with risk of tobacco smoking: results from a multicenter case-cont…

2013

Background The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) modulates dopaminergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex as well as in the mesolimbic reward system. Since the reward system mediates addictive behavior, the COMT gene is a strong candidate gene regarding the pathophysiology of tobacco dependence and smoking behavior. Because of rather conflicting results in previous studies, the purpose of the present study was to test for association between a functional genetic variant in the COMT gene (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs4680) and tobacco smoking behavior. Methods In a population-based case-control multicenter study designed for tobacco addiction research, a total of 551 cur…

AdultCandidate genemedia_common.quotation_subjectPopulationEuropean Continental Ancestry Groupgenetics [Catechol O-Methyltransferase]Single-nucleotide polymorphism610 Medicine & healthCatechol O-MethyltransferasePolymorphism Single NucleotideWhite PeopleGermanymental disordersSNPMedicineHumanseducationmedia_commonGeneticseducation.field_of_studyCatechol-O-methyl transferasebusiness.industryAddictionSmokingPublic Health Environmental and Occupational Healthgenetics [Smoking]Tobacco Use Disorder2739 Public Health Environmental and Occupational HealthMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseCase-Control Studies10054 Clinic for Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomaticsddc:640genetics [Tobacco Use Disorder]businessAddictive behaviorrs4680
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Influence of Puerperal Health Literacy on Tobacco Use during Pregnancy among Spanish Women: A Transversal Study.

2020

Background: Despite the fact that tobacco use during pregnancy produces adverse perinatal effects, some women continue to smoke. Health literacy (HL) is essential for health outcomes in adults. However, little is known about HL in pregnant women or postpartum women. The study aimed to analyse the relationship between the degree of HL of women during the early puerperium and tobacco use during pregnancy. Methods: A multicentre, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with women in the early puerperium in a region of eastern Spain, between November 2017 and May 2018. Their HL level was obtained using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) tool. Multivariate logistic models were adjusted to es…

AdultEducació sanitàriaHealth Toxicology and Mutagenesismedicine.medical_treatmentEmbaràsPsychological interventionlcsh:MedicineHealth literacytobacco useToxicologyArticle03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinePregnancyTabacmedicineHumans030212 general & internal medicinetobacco smokingSocioeconomic statusPregnancy030505 public healthbusiness.industrylcsh:RPostpartum PeriodPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthHealth literacyOdds ratiomedicine.diseaseHealth equityConfidence intervalCross-Sectional StudiesSpainSmoking cessationFemalepregnancyPregnant Women0305 other medical sciencebusinessRAhealth literacyDemographyInternational journal of environmental research and public health
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Smoking does not impact social and non-social cognition in patients with first episode psychosis.

2018

Abstract Background Many studies having shown significant improvements in non-social and social cognitive performance in smoking FEP patients compared to non-smoking FEP patients. The findings are controversial. This study analyzed the effects of tobacco use on non-social and social cognitive function in a large group of FEP patients and a matched healthy control group. Methods A sample of 335 patients with FEP and 253 healthy controls was divided into four subgroups: control tobacco users (CTU), control non-tobacco users (CNTU), patient tobacco users (PTU) and patient non-tobacco users (PNTU). Demographic variables, tobacco use variables (presence or absence, frequency and duration of toba…

AdultMaleAdolescent03 medical and health sciencesExecutive FunctionYoung Adult0302 clinical medicineCognitionSocial cognitionFirst episode psychosismedicineTobacco SmokingHumansLongitudinal StudiesProspective StudiesChildSocial BehaviorBiological PsychiatryWorking memorybusiness.industryCognitionTobacco Use DisorderExecutive functionsmedicine.disease030227 psychiatryPsychiatry and Mental healthCross-Sectional StudiesMemory Short-TermPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaFemalebusinessNeurocognitive030217 neurology & neurosurgerySocial cognitive theoryClinical psychologySchizophrenia research
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Association of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 4 polymorphisms with nicotine dependence in 5500 Germans.

2009

Polymorphisms in the CHRNA4 gene coding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 4 have recently been suggested to play a role in the determination of smoking-related phenotypes. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a genetic association study in three large samples from the German general population (N(1)=1412; N(2)=1855; N(3)=2294). Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CHRNA4 were genotyped in 5561 participants, including 2707 heavily smoking cases (regularly smoking at least 20 cigarettes per day) and 2399 never-smoking controls (or=100 cigarettes over lifetime). We examined associations of the polymorphisms with smoking case-control status and with the extent of nicotin…

AdultMaleAdolescentGenotypeProtein subunitBiologyPharmacologyReceptors NicotinicPolymorphism Single NucleotideWhite PeopleGermanyGeneticsmedicineHumansGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseNicotine dependenceAgedPharmacologyAged 80 and overTobacco Use DisorderMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseNicotinic acetylcholine receptorPhenotypeMolecular MedicineFemaleSmoking CessationThe pharmacogenomics journal
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Association of Low Striatal Dopamine D2Receptor Availability With Nicotine Dependence Similar to That Seen With Other Drugs of Abuse

2008

All drugs of abuse induce a phasic dopamine release within the striatum that does not undergo habituation. Prolonged substance consumption impairs the natural function of the mesolimbic dopamine system, as shown by a decrease in the availability of striatal dopamine 2 (D(2)) receptors in patients suffering from cocaine, heroin, amphetamine, and alcohol dependence. However, it is unclear whether similar changes can also be observed in heavy-smoking nicotine-dependent smokers.In vivo D(2)/D(3) receptor availability was determined with [ (18)F]fallypride positron emission tomography in 17 heavy-smoking nicotine-dependent subjects and in 21 age-matched never-smoking comparison subjects. The smo…

AdultMaleFluorine Radioisotopesmedicine.medical_specialtyPyrrolidinesSubstance-Related DisordersStriatumGyrus CinguliBasal GangliaFunctional LateralityNicotineDopamineInternal medicineDopamine receptor D2medicineHumansCarbon RadioisotopesAmphetamineReceptors Dopamine D2PutamenSmokingReceptors Dopamine D3Tobacco Use DisorderTemporal LobeSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeBehavior AddictivePsychiatry and Mental healthEndocrinologyFallyprideDopamine receptorPositron-Emission TomographyBenzamidesPsychologymedicine.drugAmerican Journal of Psychiatry
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The impact of pictorial health warnings on tobacco products in smokers behaviours and knowledge: The first quasi-experimental field trial after the i…

2019

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate in the Italian smokers, the effects of implementation of the law about Pictorial Health Warnings (PHWs) on tobacco products.Methods. A quasi-experimental longitudinal design was conducted between 2016 and 2017. The data were collected before (pre-PHW/Wave 1) and after (post-PHW/Wave 2) the implementation of the law. The adopted questionnaire included impact of advertisement (Label Impact Index, LII), quitting behavior and knowledge of tobacco related diseases.Results. 455 respondents completed both the Waves. 7.7% of smokers declared to have stopped smoking in Wave 2 and 29% of these declared the PHWs as one of the reasons to quit. The knowle…

AdultMaleHealth Knowledge Attitudes Practicehealth warningQuasi-experimental studyProduct LabelingPictorial warningsPictorial Works as TopicYoung AdultPictorial warningAdvertisingSurveys and QuestionnairesHealth labelHumansLongitudinal StudiesHealth labelsHealth warningsPracticeMotivationpictorial warnings health labels health warnings tobacco advertisement quasi-experimental studyHealth KnowledgeTobacco advertisementTobacco ProductsTobacco Use DisorderMiddle AgedItalyAttitudesFemaleSmoking CessationHealth labels; Health warnings; Pictorial warnings; Quasi-experimental study; Tobacco advertisementpictorial warnings; health labels; health warnings; tobacco advertisement; quasi-experimental studyHealth labels; Health warnings; Pictorial warnings; Quasi-experimental study; Tobacco advertisement; Adult; Advertising; Female; Health Knowledge Attitudes Practice; Humans; Italy; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Pictorial Works as Topic; Smoking Cessation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult; Product Labeling
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Impulsiveness and venturesomeness in German smokers.

2011

Introduction Cigarette smoking is a behavior, which is influenced by genetic, demographic, and psychological factors. A large body of research has examined the association of cigarette smoking variables with individual differences in personality traits. The aim of the current study was to replicate the findings of higher self-reported impulsivity in smokers compared with never-smokers in a German sample using Eysenck´s construct of impulsivity. Furthermore, it was intended to further the knowledge about associations between different self-reported impulsivity components and different smoking variables. Methods We used the Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy questionnaire (I7) to measure s…

AdultMaleImpulsivityGermanCigarette smokingGermanySurveys and QuestionnairesmedicineHumansBig Five personality traitsDemographySmokingPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthNovelty seekingTobacco Use DisorderMiddle Agedlanguage.human_languageSmoking epidemiologyLogistic ModelsImpulsive Behaviorbehavior and behavior mechanismslanguageExploratory BehaviorTemperament and Character InventorySmoking statusFemalemedicine.symptomPsychologyClinical psychologyNicotinetobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
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Association of a variant in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 gene (CHRM2 ) with nicotine addiction

2009

Genetic factors contribute to the overall risk of developing nicotine addiction, which is the major cause of preventable deaths in western countries. However, knowledge regarding specific polymorphisms influencing smoking phenotypes remains scarce. In the present study we provide evidence that a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5′ untranslated region of CHRM2, the gene coding for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 is associated with nicotine addiction. CHRM2 was defined as a candidate gene for nicotine addiction based on previous evidence that linked variations in CHRM2 to alcohol and drug dependence. A total of more than 5,500 subjects representative of the German po…

AdultMaleNicotineCandidate geneAdolescentmedia_common.quotation_subjectSingle-nucleotide polymorphismBiologyBioinformaticsNicotineCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceMuscarinic acetylcholine receptormedicineHumansSNPGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseAlleleAllelesGenetics (clinical)Agedmedia_commonAged 80 and overGeneticsReceptor Muscarinic M2AddictionSmokingGenetic VariationTobacco Use DisorderOdds ratioMiddle AgedPsychiatry and Mental healthFemalemedicine.drugAmerican Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
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